Doppler ultrasound testing suggests hemorrhoids in females may be a consequence of impaired blood flow Associated with pelvic organ prolapse

Abstract Background It has been observed that there is a high incidence of hemorrhoids in female patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Also, in these patients, hemorrhoidal disease improves after the surgical correction of the pelvic organ prolapse. Objective Our hypothesis was that a cause-effect relationship between pelvic organ prolapse, and hemorrhoids might be the key. The objective of this study was to find an element which connects these two conditions. Study Design We conducted a pilot study which consisted of two parts. An initial part, in which we asked several patients with grades III and IV pelvic organ prolapse and hemorrhoids, who have undergone surgery for prolapse, to determine the impact of the surgical restoration of the prolapsed organs on their hemorrhoidal disease. For the second part, on several patients with uncorrected uterine prolapse grades III and IV, we determined the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches within the rectal wall before and after manual reduction of the prolapse. Results First, more than 50% of patients who underwent uterine prolapse correction described an improvement of their hemorrhoidal disease of over 50%. Second, the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches was significantly lower after manual reduction of the prolapse. We consider that obstructed veins due to pelvic organ prolapse might induce the dilation of the hemorrhoids. The direct measurement of the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches allows us to directly assess the increased resistance in the rectal vascular system. Conclusion Venous stasis and impaired vascular flow might be the pathophysiological explanation for the association between pelvic organ prolapse and hemorrhoids. In these patients, the pathogenic treatment should aim at the restoration of a normal blood flow (prolapse surgical cure) instead of focusing on hemorrhoids only.(AU)

Profilaxis antibiótica intravaginal del absceso de cúpula en histerectomía / Intravaginal antibiotic prophylaxis of dome abscess in total hysterectomy

Introducción: La histerectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos que con más frecuencia se realiza en Ginecología. La frecuencia de aparición de absceso de cúpula varía desde un 0,7% a un 14%. La infección generalmente es polimicrobiana y los gérmenes implicados son los de la flora vaginal y endocervical de la mujer sana. En el Hospital Aeronáutico Central, desde el año 2007, además de la profilaxis intraoperatoria con cefalosporinas de primera generación, se realiza en las 12 horas previas a la cirugía programada, profilaxis con óvulos vaginales polivalentes. Objetivos: Evaluar la disminución de la incidencia de absceso de cúpula vaginal post cirugía ginecológica, que implique la manipulación de la vagina, con administración pre-quirúrgica de óvulos vaginales polivalentes. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 220 pacientes que se les realizaron 220 histerectomías totales: 202 por vía abdominal, 5 laparoscópicas y 13 vaginales. Se realizó profilaxis intraoperatoria con cefalosporinas de 1º generación. Se les administró por vía vaginal un óvulo polivalente compuesto por: metronidazol 300 mg, miconazol nitrato 100 mg, neomicina sulfato 48,8 mg, polimixina b sulfato 4,4 mg, centella asiática 15 mg y excipientes. Se evaluó la aparición de absceso de cúpula vaginal en los 6 meses posteriores a la cirugía. Resultados: Se hallaron complicaciones post quirúrgicas en 10 pacientes (4.5%): 4 pacientes (1,8%) con infección del tracto urinario, 3 pacientes (1,4%) con infección de herida quirúrgica, 1 paciente (0,4%) con fístula vesico-vaginal, 1 paciente con Tromboembolismo pulmonar, 1 paciente con granuloma de cúpula vaginal y 1 paciente con absceso de cúpula vaginal. Esta paciente no recibió el óvulo vaginal polivalente. Conclusión: De los datos obtenidos de las 220 pacientes analizadas, y teniendo en cuenta la bibliografía consultada, podemos concluir que las pacientes que son sometidas a histerectomías totales con técnica de cúpula vaginal cerrada y que reciben como profilaxis preoperatoria un óvulo vaginal polivalente, presentan menor incidencia de complicaciones post operatorias, principalmente a nivel de la cúpula vaginal, y en particular abscesos de cúpula.

Introduction: Hysterectomy is one of the surgical procedures most frecuently performed in gynecology. Vault abscess frequency of appearance varies from 0.7% to 14%. The infection is usually polymicrobial and involved germs are those from vaginal and endocervical flora of the healthy woman. In the Hospital Aeronáutico Central, since 2007, in addition to intraoperative prophylaxis with first-generation cephalosporins, prophylaxis with polyvalent vaginal ovules is performed within 12 hours prior to scheduled surgery. Objectives: Evaluate the decrease in the incidence of vaginal vault abscess after gynecological surgery, involving the manipulation of the vagina, with pre-surgical administration of polyvalent vaginal ovules. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective. 220 patients who underwent 220 total hysterectomies were included: 202 abdominal via, 5 laparoscopic and 13 vaginal. Intraoperative prophylaxis was performed with 1st generation cephalosporins. They were administered through vaginal via with Polyvalent ovule composed of: metronidazole 300 mg, miconazole nitrate 100 mg, neomycin sulfate 48.8 mg, polymyxin b sulfate 4.4 mg, gotu kola 15 mg and excipients. The appearance of vaginal dome abscess was evaluated in the 6 months following surgery. Results: Post-surgical complications were found in 10 patients (4.5%): 4 patients (1.8%) with urinary tract infection, 3 patients (1.4%) with surgical wound infection, 1 patient (0.4%) ) with vesico-vaginal fistula, 1 patient with pulmonary thromboembolism, 1 patient with vaginal vault granuloma and 1 patient with abscess of vaginal vault. This patient did not receive the polyvalent vaginal ovum. Conclusion: Data obtained from the 220 patients analyzed, and taking into account the bibliography consulted, we can conclude that patients who undergo total hysterectomies with a closed vaginal vault technique who receive a polyvalent vaginal ovum as a preoperative prophylaxis, present a lower incidence of post-operative complications, mainly at the level of the vaginal vault, and in particular dome abscesses

Intervenção fisioterapêutica em mulheres com incontinência urinária associada ao prolapso de órgão pélvico / Physical therapy intervention in women with urinary incontinence associated with pelvic organ prolapse

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A incontinência urinária (IU) é um sintoma comum que afeta mulheres de todas as idades. A ocorrência de prolapso de órgão pélvico concomitante à IU é muito comum. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da presença de prolapso pélvico no resultado de tratamento fisioterapêutico de mulheres com IU. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 48 mulheres com idades entre 35 e 78 anos, as quais foram submetidas a anamnese e avaliação da força de contração do assoalho pélvico (teste bidigital e perineometria). A intervenção fisioterapêutica consistiu em eletroestimulação transvaginal e cinesioterapia (até 15 sessões semanais). RESULTADOS: A maioria das mulheres realizou parto normal (29/46) e teve 2,6±1,5 filhos (de 0 a 7). Apresentaram prolapso pélvico 72,4% das mulheres que realizaram parto normal, 100% das que realizaram cesárea e 77,8% das que realizaram parto normal e cesárea. 48% das mulheres tinham IU mista; 39,5%, IU de esforço e 12,5%; IU de urgência. O tempo de duração dos sintomas variou de dois a 28 anos (7,9±5,3). Detectou-se diferença estatística significativa nas comparações pré e pós- tratamento para os músculos do assoalho pélvico, tanto para o grupo de pacientes sem prolapso como para o grupo com. A perineometria pré e pós apresentou diferença estatística significativa apenas nas pacientes com prolapso (p=0,048). 87,5% das participantes ficaram continentes. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento fisioterapêutico realizado foi eficaz para tratar e/ou curar os sintomas de IU associada ou não ao prolapso pélvico, independente do tipo clínico da incontinência. Registro de Ensaios Clínicos (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos): RBR-3p5s66.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition that affects women of all ages. Pelvic organ prolapse in conjunction with UI is a common occurrence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of pelvic prolapse on the outcome of physical therapy treatment for women with UI. METHODS: The study included 48 women aged between 35 and 78 years who underwent anamnesis and measurement of pelvic floor strength (bi-digital test and perineometry). The physical therapy intervention consisted of transvaginal electrical stimulation and pelvic floor exercise for up to 15 weekly sessions. RESULTS: The majority of the women had normal delivery and 2.6±1.5 children (range=0-7). Pelvic prolapse was observed in 72.4% of the women who had normal delivery, in 100% of those who had cesarean section, and in 77.8% of those who had both normal and cesarean deliveries. 48% of the women had mixed UI, 39.5% had stress UI, and 12.5% had urge UI. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 28 years (7.9±5.3). In the participants with and without prolapse, a significant difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment comparisons for the pelvic floor muscles. The pre- and post-treatment perineometry showed a significant increase only in the women with prolapse (p=0.048). 87.5% of the participants became continent. CONCLUSIONS: The physical therapy treatment was effective in treating and/or curing the symptoms of UI, whether or not associated with pelvic prolapse, regardless of the clinical type of incontinence. Clinical Trial Registration (Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry): RBR-3p5s66.